ECSP Report 13
As the Obama administration takes over, the 13th issue of the Environmental Change and Security Program Report details the non-traditional security threats—and opportunities—it faces. “Environmental security is making a comeback,” says ECSP Director Geoff Dabelko, “notably in the United States, where signs indicate that the next administration will tackle environment, population, health, and development challenges that impact security.” In a special feature entitled “New Directions in Demographic Security,” seven demographic experts analyze the links connecting population and environmental dynamics to conflict. The report also features articles on the population-climate change nexus and the UN Environment Programme's peacebuilding work in conflict zones.
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Complete ECSP Report 13 (hi-res/11.3 MB)
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Complete ECSP Report 13 (low-res/7.9 MB)
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- "Climate Change, Demography, Environmental
Degradation, and Armed Conflict"
Using geo-referenced data, Clionadh Raleigh and Henrik Urdal find that population growth and density are related to increased civil conflict, but that demographic and environmental factors are generally outweighed by political and economic ones. Therefore, they call for “paying greater attention to how resources are distributed and how political institutions create vulnerability to climate change.”
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Navigating Peace Initiative: Water Conflict and Cooperation
Four policy briefs identify the current and emerging trends in water conflict and cooperation.
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Best of the Beat: Highlights From the First Year
Read some of the best blog posts from the New Security Beat's first year. Georgetown University's Colin Kahl analyzes Kenya's history of demographically and environmentally induced ethnic land strife, while ECSP Director Geoff Dabelko offers a word of caution on "climate change refugees."
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Reviews of New Publications (Complete)
Leaf through expert reviews of 20 recent books and reports at the nexus of population, environment, and security, including The Greening of the U.S. Military, Return of the Population Growth Factor, and Peace Parks: Conservation and Conflict Resolution.
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- Bridges Over Water: Understanding Transboundary Water Conflict, Negotiation and Cooperation
Reviewed by Annika Kramer
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- Governance as a Trialogue: Government-Society-Science in Transition
Reviewed by Karin Bencala
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FOCUS on population, environment, and security
A series of occasional papers featuring Wilson Center speakers.
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Issue 15: "Fishing for Families: Reproductive Health and Integrated Coastal Management in the Philippines"
The Philippines’ rapidly rising population has overwhelmed the fisheries that have traditionally supported the country, bringing grinding poverty and malnutrition to many coastal communities. But a new approach to conservation may save families along with the fish and their habitats, say Joan Castro and Leona D’Agnes. By integrating the delivery of family planning and conservation services, the Integrated Population and Coastal Resource Management (IPOPCORM) project found that it could improve reproductive health and coastal resource management more than programs that focused exclusively on reproductive health or the environment—and at a lower total cost.
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Water Stories: Expanding Opportunities in Small-Scale Water and Sanitation Projects
The poor performance of many large-scale water and sanitation projects has caused the international community to focus increasingly on small-scale and community-based projects. There remains, however, an urgent need for more research and information on these methods. Water Stories: Expanding Opportunities in Small-Scale Water and Sanitation Projects, a report by the Wilson Center's Navigating Peace Initiative, examines alternatives to large-scale infrastructure projects in the water and sanitation sectors. Funded by a grant from the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the study explores how lessons learned from small-scale projects can be effectively communicated and replicated worldwide.
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Complete Water Stories: Expanding Opportunities in Small-Scale Water and Sanitation Projects
Note: If you are using a dial-up Internet connection, you should download the individual articles below.
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Preface and Introduction
Ambassador John W. McDonald; Alicia Hope Herron and Geoffrey Dabelko
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Water Stories Photo Essay
J. Carl Ganter
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"Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Options in Developing Countries: A Review of Current Implementation Practices"
Daniele S. Lantagne, Robert Quick, and Eric D. Mintz
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"Community-Based Approaches to Water and Sanitation: A Survey of Best, Worst, and Emerging Practices"
John Oldfield
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"Low-Cost Sanitation: An Overview of Available Methods"
Alicia Hope Herron
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"Navigating the Mainstream: The Challenge of Making Water Issues Matter"
J. Carl Ganter
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"Closing the Gaps: Improving the Provision of Water and Sanitation"
Charlotte Youngblood and Geoffrey Dabelko
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ECSP Report 12
While the world focuses on war, authors in the latest ECSP Report argue that we should not miss the quiet—yet often more lethal—conflicts for shrinking resources, which are increasingly depleted by population growth, environmental degradation, poverty, and over-consumption. Eight African leaders and scholars—including Nobel Peace Prize-winner Wangari Maathai—describe their continent’s struggle with resource conflict. Population and health are also linked to conflict and fragile states, say Report authors. But efforts to promote sustainability—and use natural resources as peacebuilding tools—could help turn deadly environments into safe, sustainable neighborhoods.
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Report From Africa: Population, Health, Environment, and Conflict
Complete set of commentaries
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"Population, Migration, and Water Conflicts in the Pangani River Basin, Tanzania"
Milline J. Mbonile
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"HIV/AIDS and Governance in Africa"
Nana K. Poku
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"Conflict and Cooperation: Making the Case for Environmental Pathways to Peacebuilding in the Great Lakes Region"
Patricia Kameri-Mbote
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Reviews of New Publications
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dotPOP: Online Resources for Water and Sanitation
Gib Clarke
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Navigating Peace: Water Conflict and Cooperation
A series of policy briefs examines how water can contribute to cooperation between states, while addressing water’s role in conflict within states. The briefs offer policy recommendations for using water resources management to head off conflict and to support sustainable peace among countries. All briefs are available in French, and two are available in Portuguese.
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Water Can Be a Pathway to Peace, Not War (No. 1)
Author: Aaron T. Wolf, Annika Kramer, Alexander Carius, and Geoffrey D. Dabelko
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L’eau peut être un chemin vers la paix, et non vers la guerre (No. 1)
Author: Aaron T. Wolf, Annika Kramer, Alexander Carius, et Geoffrey D. Dabelko
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The Challenges of Groundwater in Southern Africa (No. 2)
Author: Anthony Turton, Marian Patrick, Jude Cobbing, and Frédéric Julien
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Les défis de l'eau souterraine en Afrique australe (No. 2)
Author: Anthony Turton, Marian Patrick, Jude Cobbing, et Frédéric Julien
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Os desafios da água subterrânea na África austral (No. 2)
Author: Anthony Turton, Marian Patrick, Jude Cobbing e Frédéric Julien
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The New Face of Water Conflict (No. 3)
Author: Ken Conca
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Le nouveau visage des conflits à propos de l'eau (No. 3)
Author: Ken Conca
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A nova face do conflito da água (No. 3)
Author: Ken Conca
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Water, Conflict, and Cooperation: Lessons From the Nile River Basin
Author: Patricia Kameri-Mbote
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Eau, conflits et coopération: Leçons tirées de l'expérience du bassin fluvial du Nil (No. 4)
Author: Patricia Kameri-Mbote
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ECSP Brochure
As hard security threats dominate the headlines, the Environmental Change and Security Program (ECSP) strives to foster a broader, nonpartisan debate. Since 1994, ECSP has explored the connections among global challenges—such as population growth, water scarcity, pandemic disease, and environmental change—and their links to conflict, human insecurity, and foreign policy.
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ECSP Brochure File
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ECSP Report 11
According to some experts, protecting natural resources and stabilizing population growth must be part of long-term solutions to today's violent conflicts. Others say the evidence does not support this strategy. But all agree that more research will lead to a more nuanced understanding of the links connecting environment, population, and security. Bringing together a diverse group of authors—-from Nepal to Norway, from the university to the military—-the 11th edition of the Environmental Change and Security Program Report explores how powerful underlying forces may engender war—or lay a foundation for peace.
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Introduction
Table of Contents and Foreword
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U.S. Military and Environmental Security in the Gulf Region
Author: Rear Admiral John F. Sigler, USN (Ret.)
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ECSP Report 10
To celebrate its tenth anniversary, the newly redesigned ECSP Report asked top thinkers to identify the next steps for environment, population, and security. The only forum dedicated to showcasing environmental security, it also features papers commissioned for the High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges, and Change, and a special report on population, development, and environment in Ethiopia, along with book reviews and a new column listing online population data.
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"From Environmental Peacemaking to Environmental Peacekeeping"
Commentary by Erika Weinthal
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"Water, Conflict, and Cooperation"
Policy Brief by Alexander Carius, Geoffrey Dabelko, and Aaron Wolf
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Reviews of New Publications
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ECSP Report 9
The Environmental Change and Security Project has just published its annual journal on population, environment, and security connections. Jane Goodall kicks off the diverse collection of articles with her assessment of population and environment connections in Africa. The 2003 edition also features commentaries on global poverty and U.S. national security. Read on for these pieces and much more on these critical yet neglected linkages.
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Complete ECSP Report 9
Note: This file is 14 megabytes. If you are using a dial-up internet connection, you should either use the index of smaller files below, or contact us regarding having a CD-ROM of our publications mailed to you.
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Feature Article (pp. 75-87)
A Southern African Perspective on Transboundary Water Resource Management
Author: Anthony R. Turton
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Reviews (pp. 97-107)
Reviews of Transformation and Resource Conflicts: Approach and Instruments; Hydropolitics in the Developing World: A Southern African Perspective; and Globalization, Human Security and the African Experience
Book Reviews by Jeremy Lind, Bill Derman and Larry Swatuk.
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Reviews (pp. 116-124)
Reviews of State Making and Environmental Cooperation: Linking Domestic and International Politics in Central Asia; Human Security and the Environment: International Comparisons; and Global Water Outlook to 2025: Averting an Impending Crisis.
Book Reviews by Shannon O'Lear, Ted Gaulin and Paul Simon
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Reviews (pp. 124-134)
Reviews of The World's Water 2002-2003: The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources; State of World Population 2002: People, Poverty and Possibilities; and Six Billion Plus: Population Issues in the Twenty-First Century.
Book Reviews by Baruch Boxer, Tom Merrick and Joseph Winchester Brown
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Meeting Summaries (pp. 153-156)
Navigating Peace: Generating New Thinking about Water
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Meeting Summaries (pp. 156-61)
Banking the Demographic Dividend: How Population Dynamics Can Affect Economic Growth; Linking Health, Environment and Community Development: Lessons from the Thai Experience; and Good Water Makes Good Neighbors: A Middle East Pilot Project in Conflict Resolution.
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ECSP Report 8
What should have happened at the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development? And, given the Summit's decidedly mixed results, what should happen next? The 2002 issue of the Environmental Change and Security Program Report features 19 commentaries by experts worldwide on the most important issues for Johannesburg and beyond.
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Complete ECSP Report 8
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FIRE & WATER: Technologies, Institutions, and Social Issues in Arms Control and Transboundary Water-Resource Agreements
Author: Elizabeth L. Chalecki, Peter H. Gleick, Kelli L. Larson, Arian L. Pregenzer, and Aaron T. Wolf
The world of environmental security is bringing the science of natural resources in ever-closer contact with the policy issues of international stability and foreign affairs. Many U.S. and international agencies—-including the U.S. Departments of State and Defense, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and the Southern African Development Community—-now analyze foreign policy in part through the lens of environmental resources.
In October 2001, three organizations—-the Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security; the Department of Geosciences of Oregon State University; and the Cooperative Monitoring Center (CMC) at Sandia National Laboratories—-sponsored a workshop designed to highlight the closeness of national security and environmental concerns through explicitly comparing the technologies, institutions, and social issues in two seemingly disparate fields: arms control and transboundary water resources. With generous support from the Carnegie Corporation of New York, Fire & Water workshop participants compared and contrasted these two fields and then identified questions for further analysis. Workshop sessions focused on three specific topics: (a) scientific and technological advances, (b) treaties and institutions, and (c) social and cultural issues.
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New Publications
Reviews of Current Literature
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Official Statements
Excerpts from recent official statements in which environment, population, and human security issues are prominently cited in the context of national and security interests.
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ECSP Meeting Summaries and Organizational Updates
> Summaries of the past year's ECSP meetings;
> A list of environment, population, and security activities of academic programs, foundations, nongovernmental organizations, government offices, and intergovernmental organizations.
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ECSP Report 7
The Environmental Change and Security Project’s 7th annual Report explores the connection between conflict and hunger, and looks at environmental stress and human security in Northern Pakistan. This issue also includes commentaries on the National Intelligence Council’s Global Trends 2015 report; and a special forum addressing the question: Is there a population implosion?
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Book Reviews
1,741 kb
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Meeting Summaries
2,146 kb
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Updates
296 kb
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Bibliography
138 kb
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ECSP Report 6
The 2000 issue of the Environmental Change and Security Project Report features Richard E. Benedick on human population and environmental stress in the 21st century, and Okechukwu Ibeanu on environmental management in Nigeria’s Niger Delta. Additional commentaries address environment, population, and conflict; and trade and the environment.
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Official Statements
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ECSP Meetings
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Update Section and Bibliography
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ECSP Report 5
The 1999 issue of the Environmental Change and Security Project Report includes features on population, urbanization, environment, and security; agriculture and conflict; and environmental change, security, and social conflicts in the Brazilian Amazon. This issue also includes a look at the University of Michigan Population Fellows Program.
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Official Statements
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New Publications
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Update Section
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ECSP Report 4
Environmental Change and Security Project Report 4 includes pieces on the role of environmental degradation in population displacement; U.S. population policy since the Cairo conference; and a synthesis of the connection between environmental transformation and conflict. The issue also explores forest plunder in Southeast Asia, and the U.S.-China relationship over environment.
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Official Statements and New Publications
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Event Summaries
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Inventory
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Bibliography
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ECSP Report 3
The 1997 issue of the Environmental Change and Security Project’s annual report frames environment in terms of the U.S. security debate, explores ecological security and demographic change; and includes a commentary on human population prospects.
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Official Statements and New Publications
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Event Summaries, Inventory and Bibliography
644,855 kb
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ECSP Report 2
In the 1996 issue of the Environmental Change and Security Project’s annual report, Miriam R. Lowi writes about water disputes in the Middle East, while Dennis Pirages explores “microsecurity”—the connection between disease organisms and human well-being. Also in this issue: a look at overseas contamination by the military; an action plan for population, development, and environment; and Thomas Homer-Dixon’s findings frm a project on environment, population, and security; among other articles.
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Report 2 (Part 1)
515,702 kb
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Report 2 (Part 2)
456,846 kb
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ECSP Report 1
The first-ever annual report from the Environmental Change and Security Program includes Geoff Dabelko and David D. Dabelko’s feature on redefining environmental security, Richard A. Matthew’s commentary on demystifying the concept of environmental security. This issue also includes an article on world population growth’s impact on U.S. national security, and Marc A. Levy’s call for a third wave of environmental security scholarship.
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Report 1 (Part 1)
401,926 kb
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Report 1 (Part 2)
384,582 kb
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Understanding Environment, Conflict, and Cooperation
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Complete .pdf (1.9 MB)
In collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
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Population, Environmental Change, and Security (PECS) News
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Issue 9 (Spring 2004)
Featuring:
Navigating Peace in the Okavango River Basin
by Anton Earle and Ariel Méndez
Book Review by Colin Kahl: Breaking the Conflict Trap by Paul Collier, et al.
Serving the Stewards: Improving Reproductive Health and Protecting the Amazonian Rainforest by Caryl Feldacker, University of Michigan Population Fellow
The President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief: Stepping Up to the Global Challenge by Randall Tobias
Jeffrey McKee's Sparing Nature: The Conflict Between Human Population Growth and Biodiversity
Population Action International's The Security Demographic: Population and Civil Conflict After the Cold War
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Finding the Source: The Linkages Between Population and Water
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Finding the Source: The Linkages Between Population and Water
Population and fresh water are widely recognized as two of the most important issues facing humanity. Yet too few policymakers are aware of the close links between these two phenomena as well as their ramifications for livelihoods, economic productivity, and political and regional stability.
Finding the Source: The Linkages Between Population and Water takes an important step towards increasing knowledge about these interconnections. Its three articles highlight some of the most critical issues facing environment and development policy today. Finding the Source is also a step towards amplifying Southern voices in these policy discussions: by design, the author-team for each of these articles includes one Southern and one Northern writer. Each paper also features substantial treatment of developing-country cases (the Philippines, India, and sub-Saharan Africa). The common message is unmistakable: global water problems are still soluble-but only with concerted international action that includes efforts to address population growth.
To read Finding the Source in PDF form, click on the links below. For a hard copy of the publication, please e-mail ecspwwic@wwic.si.edu
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Introduction
47 kb
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The Coming Freshwater Crisis is Already Here
Author: Don Hinrichsen and Henrylito Tacio
543 kb
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Protecting Regional Seas: Developing Capacity and Fostering Environmental Cooperation in Europe
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Protecting Regional Seas
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