Of the 190 ethnic groups living in Russia, small-numbered Indigenous Peoples maintain a special legal status. Small-numbered Indigenous Peoples of the North, Siberia, and the Far East lead unique, distinct ways of life and livelihoods based on traditional economic activities such as crafts, reindeer husbandry, fishing, hunting, gathering, and harvesting marine mammals, among other traditions. Sectoral legislation on hunting, fishing, protected natural areas, land legislation, tax and pension legislation provide several special rights and preferences for Indigenous Peoples. Moreover, recent years have marked the development of new and innovative Russian legislation regarding the Arctic region and the Indigenous Peoples who live in the Arctic zone. Antonina Gorbunova, a human rights lawyer, describes legislation, tools, and mechanisms that directly impact the livelihoods of the Indigenous Peoples of the Russian Arctic in Polar Perspectives No. 7 | Legal Considerations Regarding Indigenous Peoples of the Russian Arctic.